Magnitude and factors associated with catheter associated urinary tract infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile at Hawassa, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia: A prospective cross-sectional study

Introduction: The use of urinary catheter benefit patients who are unable to urinate for various medical rea-sons. Despite its use, a urinary catheter during its application may introduce bacteria to the urinary tract and result in Urinary tract infection (UTI). Even though the burden of catheter-associated UTI is expected to be high in resource-limited countries, there is limited data. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of culture-confirmed catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), associated factors, and antimicrobial sus-acceptability profiles of bacteria. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH), Sidama region, from May-August 2022. One hundred forty-nine catheterized patients at HUCSH were included. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected using structured questionnaire. Urine specimens were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. Culture-confirmed catheter-associated urinary tract infection was established if >1 X 105colonies of bacteria per milliliters of urine was detected. The disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. For data analysis, SPSS version 26 was used. Factors associated with culture confirmed CAUTI were assessed using binary logistic regression. Results: The magnitude of culture confirmed CAUTI was 30.2% (n=45; 95% CI=22.8−37.6). The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (n=12; 26.7%), followed by Klebsiella species (n=10; 22.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (n=6; 13.3%). Duration of catheterization (AOR=9.6, 95% CI=3.8−24.2) and comorbidities (AOR=4.1, 95% CI=1.7−9.8) were significantly associated with culture-confirmed CAUTI. Most Gram-neg-active bacteria were resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Conclusions:The magnitude of culture-confirmed CAUTI at HUCSH was high.E.coli was the leading bacteria and most of them were resistant to various types of antimicrobial agents. Duration of catheterization and comorbidities were significantly associated with culture-confirmed CAUTI

The Association of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Pregnant Women

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection of diabetic pregnant women because of excess urine glucose excretion and lowered immunity. UTI during pregnancy is directly proportionate to maternal and neonatal complications. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and urological health problems are closely related during pregnancy. DM patients are prone to UTI, bladder issues and sexual dysfunction. The intent of the study was to find out the association of asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnant women. Material & Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Public Health of Varendra University in Bangladesh for the duration of 4 months in the summer session from May 2018 to August 2018. All the pregnant mothers (N=119) with diabetes mellitus in Chapai Nawabganj during the study period constituted the study population. Ethical clearance was taken from the hospital. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Results: Among the study population (N=119), the mean age of the respondents was 25.14 ± 4.82 years, and most of the respondents were in the age group of below 25 years. It was observed that around one-third of the respondents (36,30.3%) monthly income was up to 15,000 taka. Regarding the duration of gestation, it was observed that the mean duration of gestation was 19.06 ± 5.62 weeks. Around one-fourth of the respondents (33,27.7%) had good but unhygienic sanitation and the majority of them (78,65.5%) had good and hygienic sanitation conditions. It was recognized that the majority of the respondents (82,68.9%) had 6-8 times of micturition per day. Sixty-two respondents who had DM did not know about UTI and the relationship between the pattern of DM and urinary tract infection was not found statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the case of pregnancy, in women with DM, UTI is the most commonly noticed maternal infection. The findings provided by the analysis might help in the management of asymptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy.

Panorama da qualidade biológica da água destinada ao tratamento dialítico em pacientes sob cuidados críticos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva / Overview of the biological quality of water intended for dialysis treatment in patients under critical care in Intensive Care Units

A incidência da lesão renal aguda caracteriza-se como evento frequente em pacientes críticos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e está associada ao aumento de mortalidade, causando grande impacto à Saúde Pública. As intercorrências clínicas são minimizadas com intervenções dialíticas, acarretando a exposição do paciente a volumes expressivos de água tratada durante a terapia renal em leito. As análises microbiológicas e de determinação de endotoxinas bacterianas em amostras de água tratada e em soluções de dialisato foram executadas em dois hospitais públicos do município de São Paulo, seguindo metodologias analíticas preconizadas em compêndios oficiais. A avaliação demonstrou que a porcentagem de resultados satisfatórios no período de 2010 a 2022 variou entre 35,2 a 100% e de 40 a 100% para as unidades hospitalares I e II para a água tratada, respectivamente; e, 100% para as soluções de dialisato para a unidade hospitalar I. A eficácia de ações delineadas pelas equipes técnicas das unidades hospitalares, na adequação da água destinada à terapia dialítica, aponta para a importância em estimular outras instituições hospitalares na padronização e implantação de melhoria contínua de seus sistemas de tratamento de água para uso em procedimento dialítico, prevenindo riscos adicionais aos pacientes expostos à terapia renal. (AU)

The incidence of acute kidney is high among critically ill patients admitted to Intensive Care Units and is associated with increased mortality, having a major impact on public health. Clinical complications are minimized with dialysis interventions, which expose patients to significant volumes of treated water during in-bed renal therapy. Microbiological analyzes and determination of bacterial endotoxins were performed on treated water samples and dialysate solutions in two public hospitals in São Paulo city, using analytical methodologies recommended in official compendia. The evaluation showed that the percentage of satisfactory results for treated water ranged from 35.2% to 100% in Hospital Unit I and from 40% to 100% in Hospital Unit II between 2010 and 2022. For dialysate solutions in Hospital Unit I, the percentage of satisfactory results was 100% during the same period. The effectiveness of actions implemented by the technical hospital teams, in adapting water for dialysis therapy, points to the importance of encouraging other hospital institutions to standardize and implement a program of continuous improvement for their water treatment systems used in dialysis procedures. This will help to prevent additional risks to patients exposed to renal therapy. (AU)

Panorama da qualidade biológica da água destinada ao tratamento dialítico em pacientes sob cuidados críticos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva / Overview of the biological quality of water intended for dialysis treatment in patients under critical care in Intensive Care Units

A incidência da lesão renal aguda caracteriza-se como evento frequente em pacientes críticos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e está associada ao aumento de mortalidade, causando grande impacto à Saúde Pública. As intercorrências clínicas são minimizadas com intervenções dialíticas, acarretando a exposição do paciente a volumes expressivos de água tratada durante a terapia renal em leito. As análises microbiológicas e de determinação de endotoxinas bacterianas em amostras de água tratada e em soluções de dialisato foram executadas em dois hospitais públicos do município de São Paulo, seguindo metodologias analíticas preconizadas em compêndios oficiais. A avaliação demonstrou que a porcentagem de resultados satisfatórios no período de 2010 a 2022 variou entre 35,2 a 100% e de 40 a 100% para as unidades hospitalares I e II para a água tratada, respectivamente; e, 100% para as soluções de dialisato para a unidade hospitalar I. A eficácia de ações delineadas pelas equipes técnicas das unidades hospitalares, na adequação da água destinada à terapia dialítica, aponta para a importância em estimular outras instituições hospitalares na padronização e implantação de melhoria contínua de seus sistemas de tratamento de água para uso em procedimento dialítico, prevenindo riscos adicionais aos pacientes expostos à terapia renal.

The incidence of acute kidney is high among critically ill patients admitted to Intensive Care Units and is associated with increased mortality, having a major impact on public health. Clinical complications are minimized with dialysis interventions, which expose patients to significant volumes of treated water during in-bed renal therapy. Microbiological analyzes and determination of bacterial endotoxins were performed on treated water samples and dialysate solutions in two public hospitals in São Paulo city, using analytical methodologies recommended in official compendia. The evaluation showed that the percentage of satisfactory results for treated water ranged from 35.2% to 100% in Hospital Unit I and from 40% to 100% in Hospital Unit II between 2010 and 2022. For dialysate solutions in Hospital Unit I, the percentage of satisfactory results was 100% during the same period. The effectiveness of actions implemented by the technical hospital teams, in adapting water for dialysis therapy, points to the importance of encouraging other hospital institutions to standardize and implement a program of continuous improvement for their water treatment systems used in dialysis procedures. This will help to prevent additional risks to patients exposed to renal therapy.

"É um bombardeio de sentimentos": experiências maternas no contexto do nascimento prematuro / "It's an explosion of feelings": maternal experiences in the context of preterm birth / "Es un bombardeo de sentimientos": experiencias maternas en el contexto del parto prematuro

O presente estudo investigou a experiência da maternidade de mães de bebês nascidos extremamente prematuros durante suas hospitalizações na UTI Neo. Em particular, buscou-se conhecer os sentimentos maternos relacionados a esse contexto. Participaram 18 mães cujos bebês tinham entre 25 e 28 semanas gestacionais e pesavam entre 625g e 1000g. As mães foram entrevistas 15 dias após o parto e as respostas foram examinadas por meio de análise de conteúdo qualitativa. Foram desenvolvidos três eixos, derivados das entrevistas: sentimentos sobre a UTI Neo; sentimentos sobre as manifestações do bebê; e sentimentos sobre a maternidade. Os achados revelaram uma complexidade de sentimentos maternos no contexto da UTI Neo. Porém, destacaram-se nas verbalizações maternas o investimento narcísico das mães nos seus bebês, que as levavam a se comunicar com eles a partir de pequenos gestos e expressões sensoriais, o que oportunizava, simultaneamente, a construção de um lugar simbólico para o bebê. (AU)

The present study investigated the motherhood experience of mothers of extremely preterm infants during their hospitalizations in the NICU. In particular, we sought to investigate the maternal feelings related to this context. Participants included 18 mothers whose babies were between 25 and 28 gestational weeks and weighed between 625g and 1000g. Mothers were interviewed 15 days after delivery and the responses were examined using qualitative content analysis. Three axes were developed, derived from the interviews: feelings about the NICU; feelings about the baby's manifestations; and feelings about motherhood. The findings revealed the complexity of maternal feelings in the context of the NICU. However, the mothers' narcissistic investment in their babies, which led them to communicate with them using small gestures and sensory expressions, stood out in the maternal verbalizations, which simultaneously made it possible to build a symbolic place for the infant. (AU)

El presente estudio investigó la experiencia de maternidad de madres de bebés nacidos extremadamente prematuros durante sus hospitalizaciones en la UCI Neonatal. En particular, se buscó conocer los sentimientos maternos relacionados con este contexto. Participaron 18 madres cuyos bebés tenían entre 25 y 28 semanas de gestación y pesaban entre 625 g y 1000 g. Las madres fueron entrevistadas 15 días después del parto y las respuestas se examinaron mediante análisis de contenido cualitativo. Se desarrollaron tres ejes, derivados de las entrevistas: sentimientos sobre la UCI Neonatal; sentimientos sobre las manifestaciones del bebé; y sentimientos sobre la maternidad. Los hallazgos revelaron una complejidad de los sentimientos maternos en el contexto de la UCI Neonatal. Sin embargo, la inversión narcisista de las madres en sus bebés se evidenció en sus verbalizaciones, que las llevaba a comunicarse con ellos a través de pequeños gestos y expresiones sensoriales que, simultáneamente, permitían la construcción de un lugar simbólico para el bebé. (AU)

UTI among patients attending IPD and its relation with preterm labor in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College Hospital, Faridpur

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) now have become a severe public health problem because of the morbidity and treatment cost. UTI can be occur in all age groups, but women are more prone to develop UTI in comparison to men, due to several factors like short urethra, absence of prostatic secretions, pregnancy and easy infection in the urinary tract with fecal flora.Material & Methods:This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Muzib medical college hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh. The study was conducted during the period of January 2021- January 2022. The total sample size for this study was 197.Results:Most of the respondents 87(44.2%) were aged between 25-29 years and followed by 16(8.1%) were aged 20-24 years, 81(41.1%) were 30-34 years and 13(6.6%) were aged >34 years. According to gravida, 4th gravida were 65(33.0%), 3rd gravida 37(18.8%), 2nd gravida 62(31.5%) and 1st gravida were 33(16.8%). The most common isolated organism was E. coli which was found in 135(68.5%) cases and followed by S. Aureus in 21(10.7%), Coagulase negative staph in 20(10.2%), Klebsiella in 9(4.6%) and GBS in 12(6.1%) cases. Majority of the patients 192(97%) had no complications onwards and only 5(3%) case was found with pyelonephritis.Conclusion: UTI in pregnancy has a major influence on pregnancy outcome. The unsolicited miseries of the pregnant mothers and their progenies might easily be legitimate by early diagnosis and treatment of UTI during pregnancy.

Clinical approach and diagnosing bladder stone in a 74-year-old man patient: a case report

This article reports a 74-year-old man came to the emergency department with complaint blood in urine, urinary tract symptom such as nocturia, frequency urgency, and cloudy urine.Physical examination showed suprapubic area was hard on palpation. The abdominal X-ray of the patient showed an opaque stone in the bladder. An ultrasound scan showed a multiple bladder stone with the longest stone 1.59 cm in size. Bilateral kidney cyst and the prostate was enlarged with volume �3.85 cc, IPP 2.29 cm. Entirestoneeliminationand eradicationrelatedBPH and urinary tract infections (UTIs) arethe principalgoalof theremedy. The patient was treated with Lithotripsy, antibiotics, alpha-blockers, antihypertension medications and showed clinical remission.

Causative Organisms of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Patients Attending in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Bangladesh

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the chronic public health problem due to morbidity and financial cost as urological diseases causes the highest health care cost. UTI is known as one of the most common diseases today. UTI can occur in both men and women, but studies found that the incidence of UTI is more common in women especially among the sexually active women. Material & Methods:This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted at the department of Medicine in Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur, obstetrics and gynecology in Bikrampur Bhuiya Medical College and Hospital, Munshiganj and Medicine in City Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur. The study was conducted during the period of February 2018- January 2022. The total sample size for this study was 131.Results:Most of the respondents 56(42.7%) were aged from 26-35 years. Majority of them 117(89%) were female whereas only 14(11%) were male. Burning sensation of micturition was found in 115 patients where 46(40%) had burning for 0-3 days, 63(54.8%) for 4-7 days and 6(5.2%) for >7 days. In most cases causative organism was E. Coli in this study. According to sensitivity patterns of E. Coli Amoxiclav was used in 77(59%) cases and followed by Amikacin in 94(72%), Azithromycin in 120(92%), Cefixime in 130(99.2%), Ceftriaxone in 83(63.3%), Cefuroxime in 37(28.2%), Imipenem in 62(47%), Ciprofloxacine 64(49%), and Gentamicin in 38(29%) cases. In assessing the antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli Ampicillin was used in 55(42%) cases and followed by Amoxycillin in 98(75%), Colchicine in 13(10%), Linezolid in 35(26.2%), Amoxiclav in 54(41.2%), Colistin in 16(12.2%), Imipenem in 69(53%) and Novobiocin in 62(47%) cases.Conclusions:Antibiotics are considered to be the only treatment for UTI. But antibiotic resistance is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates around the world, especially in developing countries.

Obesidad como factor pronóstico en el paciente crítico / Obesity as a prognostic factor in the critical ill patients / Obesidade como fator prognóstico no paciente crítico

Resumen: Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad con impacto negativo en la sobrevida; se hace referencia al término «paradoja de la obesidad¼ utilizado como un efecto protector en la mortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar si la obesidad es un factor de protección en el paciente crítico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte. Se obtuvo información de expedientes de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Regional Monterrey del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Monterrey durante 2018. Se hizo análisis bivariado para asociación χ2 y U de Mann-Whitney para correlación fórmula de Pearson y análisis de supervivencia con curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Se analizaron 151 expedientes de pacientes, 73 obesos y 78 no obesos, se observó que la obesidad es un factor protector para mortalidad (p = 0.044, OR 0.431 (IC 0.187-0.992). El IMC no se correlaciona con el Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II (p = 0.066); sin embargo, con un impacto en la curva de supervivencia (p = 0.42). Conclusiones: Se detecta la obesidad como factor protector; sin embargo, su asociación con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas, estancia prolongada en UCI y sus complicaciones no dejan de tener impacto negativo en la supervivencia fuera de la unidad.

Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is a disease with a negative impact on survival; the prognosis of these patients is has controversial results. The term «obesity paradox¼ refers as a protective effect on mortality. Objective: To determine whether obesity is a protective factor in the critically ill patient. Material y methods: A cohort study was conducted. Data was obtained from ICU records of the ISSSTE Monterrey Regional Hospital during 2018, bivariate analysis was performed for χ2 and Mann Whitney's U association, for Pearson's formula correlation and survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: 151 records of 73 obese and 78 non-obese patients were analyzed, it was observed that obesity is a protective factor for mortality (p = 0.044, OR 0.431(IC 0.187-0.992), BMI does not correlate with APACHE II (p = 0.066), however, an impact on the survival curve was observed (p = 0.42). Conclusions: According to the results obtained, it matches with the term «obesity paradox¼, however, its association with chronic degenerative diseases, prolonged stay in the ICU and its complications do not cease to have a negative impact on survival outside the unit.

Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença com impacto negativo na sobrevida; O termo «paradoxo da obesidade¼ refere-se a um efeito protetor sobre a mortalidade. Objetivo: Determinar se a obesidade é um fator protetor em pacientes críticos. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte. As informações foram obtidas dos registros da UTI do ISSSTE Monterrey Regional Hospital durante o ano de 2018, foi realizada análise bivariada para associação χ2 eU Mann-Whitney, para correlação da fórmula de Pearson e análise de sobrevida com curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Foram analisados 151 prontuários de 73 pacientes obesos e 78 não obesos, observou-se que a obesidade é fator protetor para mortalidade (p = 0.044, OR 0.431(IC 0.187-0.992), IMC não se correlaciona com APACHE II (p = 0.066), porém, com impacto na curva de sobrevida (p = 0.42). Conclusões: A obesidade é encontrada como fator de proteção, porém, sua associação com doenças crônico-degenerativas, permanência prolongada na UTI e suas complicações não deixam de ter impacto negativo na sobrevida fora da unidade.

Manejo dos pacientes sépticos admitidos no Hospital Universitário Santa Terezinha / Management of septic patients admitted to Santa Terezinha teaching hospital

Introdução: A sepse é uma disfunção orgânica potencialmente fatal, que se origina de uma resposta desregulada do hospedeiro a uma infecção. Objetivo: Analisar o manejo dos pacientes sépticos admitidos na emergência de um hospital universitário da região do Meio Oeste de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Estudo documental, retrospectivo, descritivo e com caráter quantitativo, realizado no setor de prontuários do Hospital Universitário Santa Terezinha, sendo os dados coletados nos 67 prontuários dos pacientes atendidos entre fevereiro e junho de 2018. Resultados: Predominância de mulheres; idade de 67,0 ± 19,4 anos; foco infeccioso prevalente na admissão: pulmonar; predomínio de infecção por Gram-negativos; ressuscitação volêmica preponderantemente com cristaloide; prevalência de antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro; 29,9% foram admitidos na UTI, sendo que o tempo médio de espera para admissão nesse setor foi de 41,65 horas; comparando-se os desfechos desses pacientes em conjunto com o tempo de espera até a internação na UTI, notou-se que os óbitos demoraram um tempo, em dias, quase quatro vezes maior para conseguirem leito de cuidado intensivo; os pacientes da UTI contabilizaram um tempo de internação duas vezes maior do que os que não estiveram nesse setor; a média geral de óbito foi de 32,8%. Conclusão: A despeito da instituição precoce de medidas terapêuticas preconizadas na literatura internacional, a mortalidade por sepse nesta instituição apresenta-se ainda elevada. Maior facilidade de acesso à UTI parece ser primordial neste contexto, visto que se percebeu tendência a um aumento de mortalidade nos casos em que houve demora na transferência do paciente para a UTI.

Introduction: Sepsis is a potentially fatal organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Objective: To evaluate the management of septic patients admitted to the Emergency Department of a teaching hospital in the Midwest region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: We conducted a documentary, retrospective, descriptive, and quantitative study in the Medical Records Department of the Santa Terezinha Teaching Hospital. Data were collected from 67 medical records of patients treated between February and June 2018. Results: Most patients were women, with a mean age of 67.0±19.4 years. The primary infectious focus on admission was the lungs, with a prevalence of Gram-negative infections. Fluid resuscitation was mostly achieved with crystalloids, and there was a prevalence of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Of 67 patients, 29.9% were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with a mean waiting time of 41.65 hours. When analyzing patient outcome in relation to the waiting time until ICU admission, those who died waited approximately four times longer (in days) to get an ICU bed. ICU patients had a length of stay twice as long compared to patients admitted to other departments. Overall mean death rate was 32.8%. Conclusions: Despite the early introduction of therapeutic interventions recommended in the international literature, the rate of sepsis mortality was still high. Easier access to ICU admission seems to be essential in this setting, given that mortality rates tended to be higher when there was a delay in patient transfer to the ICU.

Perfil de reinternação em UTI: a tomada de decisão em organizações complexas / Readmission profile in ICU: decision-making in complex organizations

Resumo Introdução A tomada de decisão, num ambiente complexo como de uma UTI pode sofrer diversas interferências e ocasionar a alta precoce de um paciente para um setor de menor complexidade. Objetivo Objetiva-se analisar o perfil de pacientes que foram readmitidos, em menos de 24 horas, na UTI de um hospital privado. Método Esta análise foi realizada por meio do método de correspondências múltiplas, utilizando-se um corte longitudinal, e os dados foram extraídos do sistema Epimed. Resultados Os resultados apontam que o perfil de readmissão se caracterizou pelos pacientes do sexo feminino, com idades entre 0 e 30 anos. A origem desses pacientes é do tipo clínica com diagnóstico predominantemente cardiológico e hematológico. Esse achado pode auxiliar na prevenção da reinternação, visto que os dados interferem no indicador de qualidade do setor, podendo, assim, definir estratégias e meios para minimizar a reinternação. Conclusão Conclui-se, a partir do perfil de pacientes que foram readmitidos na UTI em menos de 24, que há necessidade de cuidado especial para pacientes jovens, do sexo feminino e com diagnóstico cardiológico e hematológico. Esses resultados servem de apoio à tomada de decisão da alta dos pacientes.

Abstract Background Decision making in a complex ICU environment can suffer from various interferences and lead to the early discharge of patients to lower complexity wards. Objective The objective is to analyze the profile of patients readmitted, in less than 24 hours, to an ICU, in a private hospital. Method This analysis was performed using the multiple correspondence method, using a longitudinal section. The data were extracted from the Epimed system. Results The results indicate that female patients, aged 0 to 30 years, characterized the readmission profile. The origin of these patients is of clinical type, with predominantly cardiac and hematological diagnoses. This finding may help to prevent readmission, since the data affects the sector quality indicator, thereby helping to define strategies to minimize readmission. Conclusion From the profile of patients who were readmitted to the ICU in less than 24 hours, it is concluded that there is a need for special care for young female patients with cardiovascular and hematological diagnosis. These results support decision making for discharge of patients.

Evaluation of Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Sensitivity Pattern

Background: UTI constitute a major public health problem in India accounting 2nd most common infection next to respiratory tract infection. They are responsible for increasing treatment cost and significant morbidity.Aim:-To determine the incidence of UTI, evaluation of pathogens responsible and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the population.Methods:Urine samples were collected from 300 patients attending the OPD Patna medical college, Patna during the period of 18 months (January 2017 to June 2018) Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done for the bacterial isolates present in the sample by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Only those samples were taken into consideration which develops count equal to or greater than 1*105CFU/ml as indicated by Kass.Results:Out of 300 samples collected 146 (48.66%)) yielded bacterial growth. Out of 146 culture isolates E.Coli was the most common pathogen followed by klebsiella, CoNS and staphylococcus. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed on all the isolates. It was observed that highest sensitivity was 49.31% to amikacin, gentamycin (45.89%), nitrofurantoin (38.35%) meropenem (27.39%).Conclusions:It was observed that high grade of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, cefazolin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and gentamycin is present as a result of misuse or improper use of antibiotic in the community. Hence urine culture is necessary for the diagnostic screening of UTI before the treatment.

Microbiology and Drug Resistance Pattern in Clinically Significant Isolates of urine from Medical Wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice both in community and hospital settings in all age groups. It is the second most frequently occurring infection in general population after upper respiratory tract infection .Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading cause of Gram negative sepsis in hospitalized patients and are the origin for about half of all hospital acquired infections caused by urinary catheters and are associated with considerable cost in terms of morbidity and economic and research expenditure. Material And Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of Government Medical College, Srinagar. A total of 800 patients were taken up for the study. The sample falling under the set inclusion criteria were selected from the urine specimen received in the laboratory for urine culture and sensitivity from Hospitalized patients (IPD). Culture and sensitivity reports and patient data obtained from hospital records was analyzed for this study. Out of 800 samples taken up for the study 208 (26%) were culture positive and 592Results: (74%) were negative. 208 positive samples 125(60.10%) were females and 83(39.90%) were males. female predominance was observed with 71% whereas 29% males were affected by UTI. UTI was predominantly in females of age group (21-40 yrs). most common organism isolated on culture was Escherichia coli(43.26%) both in short stay patients (<48hrs hospital stay) /OPD 22.59% as well as in IPD (>48hrs hospital stay) 20.67%.E.coli was isolated from patients of both uncomplicated and complicated UTI. The second most common organism isolated in our study was Enterococcus faecalis(22.59%), the rate of isolation was much higher 18.75% in inpatients (>48hrs hospital stay) and only 3.84% in OPD/short stay patients (<48hrs hospital stay). In our study Enterococcus spp ranked second amongst uropathogens, in IPD patients isolation rate was almost 5 times higher. Pseudomonas spp was 1 isolate in OPD (0.48%) and 6 (2.88%) in IPD, Acinetobacter 3 (1.44%), Proteus 1 (0.48%) found only in hospitalized patients (stay >48hrs). E.coli showed following sensitivity pattern 96.7% to nitrofurantoin, 93.3% to imipenem, 90.0% to amikacin, 75.6% to gentamycin, 73.3% to cefoperazone-salbactam and meropenem both, 68.9% to pipercillin tazobactam.The sensitivity to TMP-SMX was 45.6%, and to ceftriaxone and cefipime was only 22.2% and 21.1% respectively. The organism also showed resistance to drugs like levofloxacin 82.2% and ciprofloxacin 76.7%.Enterococcus faecalis isolated in our study was sensitive to Vancomycin 95.74% followed by Linezolid (93.6%), Nitrofurantoin (78.7%), HL-Amikacin (74.5%),HL- Gentamycin (70.2%). Enterococcus faecalis showed resistance to drugs commonly used to treat UTI i.e. 91.5% resistant to Ciprofloxacin and 89.4% resistant to Levofloxacin. Gram negative bacteria were most predominantConclusion: microorganisms resulting in more than 50% infections causing urinary tract infection. In our study we have seen that Gram positive cocci especially Enterococcus result in UTI in a significant proportion of patients. In our study Enterococcus spp ranked second amongst uropathogens, in IPD patients isolation rate was almost 5 times higher. The implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs is crucial to minimize resistance. Appropriate antibiotics need to be prescribed based on the antibiotic susceptibility testing which will be narrow spectrum, effective and less expensive with least side effects.

Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors:A prospective real-world setting study / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Background@#Genitourinary tract infections, mycotic as well as bacterial, as defined by clinical symptoms, are one of the common adverse effects associated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in clinical trials. However, Indian data in terms of the prevalence of culture-proven bacterial type of urinary tract infection (UTI), and the causative organism is limited.@*Objective@#This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causative agents of bacterial UTI among patients with T2DM on SGLT2i.@*Methodology@#This was a prospective longitudinal study involving all patients with T2DM who were prescribed with SGLT2i, uncontrolled on other oral anti-diabetic medications, from June 2019 to February 2020. Prevalence of bacterial UTI was evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after initiation of SGLT2i.@*Results@#A total of 80 patients were started on SGLT2i. One female patient on canagliflozin had significant asymptomatic bacteriuria and the causative agent was Acinetobacter baumannii. One male patient on dapagliflozin had symptomatic UTI with negative urine culture study. Four patients developed genital mycotic infection.@*Conclusion@#In this real-world study, SGLT2i as a class, was well tolerated with favorable safety profile, and risk of developing significant bacteriuria and/or symptomatic UTI was minimal.

Conhecimento da equipe multiprofissional sobre segurança do paciente em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva / Knowledge of the multidisciplinary team on patient safety in an Intensive Care Unit

Analisar os fatores que interferem na segurança do paciente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) mediante o conhecimento da equipe multiprofissional. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantiqualitativa realizado com 40 profissionais de saúde, que compõe a equipe multiprofissional da UTI de um hospital estadual, referência regional. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de maio a dezembro de 2020. Deu-se por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, direcionada por um roteiro temático e questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram processados no software IRAMUTEQ, através da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e analisados por meio da técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Foi evidenciado que a fragilidade no conhecimento sobre o conceito de segurança do paciente, a falta de protocolos assistências, os problemas interpessoais, a ocorrência de eventos adversos, a subnotificação e dimensionamento inadequado são alguns dos fatores que interferem na segurança do paciente na UTI. Nota-se a necessidade de resolução das falhas existentes, sobretudo ao que refere ao dimensionamento de pessoal, as questões relacionadas à interação da equipe multiprofissional e a implementação de protocolos institucionais, que são norteadores do cuidado. Com o fortalecimento da cultura de segurança, onde os profissionais sintam-se empoderados a realizar a notificação, não apenas dos EA, como também das circunstâncias notificáveis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that interfere with patient safety in Intensive Care Units (ICU) through the knowledge of the multidisciplinary team. This was a descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, carried out with 40 health professionals, who make up the multidisciplinary team of the ICU of a regional reference hospital of the state. Data collection was carried out between the months of May and December 2020. It took place through a semi-structured interview, guided by a thematic script and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data were processed using IRAMUTEQ software, through Descending Hierarchical Classification, and were analyzed using the collective subject discourse technique. It was demonstrated that the lack of knowledge about the concept of patient safety, the lack of care protocols, interpersonal problems, the occurrence of adverse events, underreporting, and inadequate estimations are some of the factors that interfere with patient safety in the ICU. There is a need to resolve existing flaws, especially regarding personnel size, issues related to the interaction of the multidisciplinary team, and the implementation of institutional protocols, which guide care. By strengthening the safety culture, professionals feel empowered to report not only AEs, but also reportable circumstances.

Psychological recovery after critical illness and stay in hospital ICU / Recuperação psicológica após adoecimento grave e internação em UTI / Recuperación psicológica después de una enfermedad grave y admisión en la UCI

The effects of critical illness and hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) have been associated with the presence of negative psychological consequences. This study explores the experiences of sick people who were admitted to an ICU, seeking to know its repercussions on the self. In-depth qualitative interviews and participant observations were carried out with two people since their ICU admission until at least six months after discharge from the unit. Data was analyzed following an adaptation of the clinical qualitative method within a longitudinal frame and interpreted with Winnicott's psychoanalytic perspective. This research managed to describe participants' lived experiences and the ways they affected their psychic organization. To the interviewed, these experiences configured threshold situations which promoted a process of psychic disintegration. Psychological recovery, then, depends on the articulation of lived experiences, and is supported by facilitating intersubjective relationships that promote the expression of personal potentialities.(AU)

Os efeitos do adoecimento crítico e da hospitalização em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) têm sido associados a consequências psicológicas negativas. Este estudo investiga as experiências de pessoas adoecidas que foram internadas em UTI, buscando compreender suas repercussões no self. Foram realizadas entrevistas qualitativas em profundidade e observações participantes com duas pessoas, desde a admissão na UTI até, no mínimo, seis meses após a alta. Os dados foram analisados seguindo uma adaptação do método clínico qualitativo, em um enquadre longitudinal, e interpretados a partir da perspectiva psicoanalítica winnicottiana. A pesquisa descreveu as experiências vividas pelos participantes e a forma como elas afetaram sua organização psíquica. Para os entrevistados, essas experiências se configuraram como situações limite, que estimularam um processo de desintegração psíquica. A recuperação psicológica, por sua vez, depende da articulação das experiências vividas, e é sustentada por relações intersubjetivas facilitadoras que promovem a expressão de potencialidades pessoais.(AU)

Los efectos de una enfermad grave y de la hospitalización en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) se asocian a consecuencias psicológicas negativas. Este estudio abordó las experiencias de personas enfermas hospitalizadas en UCI, con el fin de comprender sus repercusiones en el self. Se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas a profundidad y observaciones participantes con dos personas, desde la admisión en la UCI hasta, por lo menos, seis meses después de haber dado el alta el paciente. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con una adaptación del método clínico cualitativo, en un marco longitudinal, y para su interpretación se aplicó la perspectiva psicoanalítica winnicottiana. La investigación describió las experiencias de los participantes y la forma como estas han afectado sus organizaciones psíquicas. Según los entrevistados, las experiencias se configuraron como situaciones límite, las cuales han promovido un proceso de desintegración psíquica. La recuperación psicológica dependió de la articulación de las experiencias vividas y estuvo sostenida por relaciones intersubjetivas facilitadoras, las cuales promovieron la expresión de potencialidades personales.(AU)

A desnutrição do paciente internado na unidade de terapia intensiva / Malnutrition of patients admitted to the intensive care unit / Desnutrición de pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: identificar o papel do enfermeiro no controle e prevenção do quadro de desnutrição do paciente internado na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura. Para o levantamento bibliográfico do presente trabalho, foram utilizados os descritores: Desnutrição, Cuidados Críticos, Estado Nutricional e UTI. Por meio de pesquisas em artigos científicos foram encontrados artigos correntes na base de dados: Google Acadêmico. A pesquisa foi realizada durante o intervalo de novembro de 2021 a março de 2022. Resultados: A análise dos artigos selecionados evidenciou a existência de nove temáticas que apresentam dados importantes sobre papel do enfermeiro no controle e prevenção do quadro de desnutrição do paciente internado na unidade de terapia intensiva, as quais foram agrupadas e categorizadas em três categorias: Correlação entre o Estado Nutricional e o desenvolvimento de Lesões por pressão; Cuidados ao paciente em Terapia Nutricional Enteral; Processos de Enfermagem. Conclusão: Este estudo enfatizou a necessidade de capacitação contínua do profissional enfermeiro, acerca da sua participação na equipe multiprofissional e seu papel na Terapia Nutricional, além disso evidenciou a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a temática

Objective: to identify the role of the nurse in the control and prevention of malnutrition of the hospitalized patient in the intensive care unit. Method: This is an integrative review of the literature. For the bibliographic survey of the present study, the following descriptors were used: Malnutrition, Critical Care, Nutritional Status and ICU. Through research in scientific articles were found current articles in the database: Google Academic. The survey was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022. Results: The analysis of the selected articles showed the existence of nine themes that present important data on the role of the nurse in the control and prevention of malnutrition of the hospitalized patient in the intensive care unit, which were grouped and categorized into three categories: Correlation between the Nutritional Status and the Development of Pressure Injuries; Patient Care in Enteral Nutritional Therapy; Nursing Processes. Conclusion: This study emphasized the need for continuous training of the nurse professional, about their participation in the multiprofessional team and their role in Nutritional Therapy, besides evidenced the need for more studies on the subject

Objetivo: identificar el papel de las enfermeras en el control y la prevención de la desnutrición de los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Para la encuesta bibliográfica del presente estudio se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores: Desnutrición, Cuidados Críticos, Estado Nutricional y UCI. A través de la investigación en artículos científicos se encontraron artículos actuales en la base de datos: Google Academic. La encuesta se realizó durante el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Resultados: El análisis de los artículos seleccionados mostró la existencia de nueve temas que presentan datos importantes sobre el papel de las enfermeras en el control y prevención de la desnutrición de los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, los cuales fueron agrupados y categorizados en tres categorías: Correlación entre el Estado Nutricional y el desarrollo de lesiones por presión; Atención a pacientes en Terapia Nutricional Enteral; Procesos de enfermería. Conclusión: Este estudio enfatizó la necesidad de capacitación continua del profesional de enfermería, sobre su participación en el equipo multidisciplinario y su papel en la Terapia Nutricional, además de resaltar la necesidad de más estudios sobre el tema

Adaptação cultural da withdrawal assesment tool version (wat ­ 1) para língua portuguesa falada no Brasil / Adaptación cultural de la evaluación de retiro versión de la herramienta (wat ­ 1) para el idioma portugués hablado en Brasil / Cultural adaptation of the version of the withdrawal assessement tool (wat-1) for portuguese language spoken in Brazil

Objetivo: Adaptar, para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, o instrumento Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version (WAT ­1). Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica, realizada no município de São Paulo/SP de março de 2017 a abril de 2019. O processo de adaptação cultural obedeceu às dez etapas definidas segundo o Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and CulturalAdaptation, sendo realizado avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomáticas, conceitual e cultural, por um comitê de nove juízes; avaliação da compreensibilidade do instrumento por 30 especialistas em Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica; revisão da avaliação da compreensibilidade; revisão final da tradução; relatório final. Resultados: A concordância entre os juízes na análise das equivalências apresentou escore médio de 96,9% na segunda rodada, devido a concordância de 80% na primeira etapa. Já, na avaliação da compreensibilidade, obteve-se 100% de compreensão dos especialistas. Conclusão: A tradução e adaptação cultural do instrumento wat-1 para língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram consideradas satisfatórias(AU)

Objective: To adapt the Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version (WAT - 1) to the Portuguese language of Brazil. Methods: Methodological research, carried out in the city of São Paulo/SP from March 2017 to April 2019. The process of cultural adaptation followed the ten stages defined according to the Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation: authorization; translation, reconciliation, backtranslation; back-translation review; harmonization, with the evaluation of semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalences carried out by a committee of nine judges; evaluation of the comprehensibility of the instrument by 30 specialists in Pediatric Intensive Care TIP; review of the comprehensibility assessment; final translation review; final report. Results: The adapted instrument was divided into 35 sentences, being evaluated by nine judges regarding their equivalences. The agreement among the judges in the analysis of equivalences proved to be excellent, with an average score of 96.9% in these cond round. There was a need for two rounds, as some items did not show 80% agreement in the first stage. In the comprehensibility assessment, 100% of the specialists' understanding was obtained. Conclusion: The translation and cultural adaptation of the wat-1 instrument to the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil were considered satisfactory.(AU)

Objetivo: Adaptar la Versión de la Herramienta de Evaluación de Retiros (WAT - 1) al idioma portugués de Brasil. Métodos: Investigación metodológica, realizada en la ciudad de São Paulo/SP de marzo de 2017 a abril de 2019. Cuyo proceso de adaptación cultural siguió las diez etapas definidas según el Informe del Grupo de Trabajo ISPOR para la Traducción y Adaptación Cultural: autorización; traducción, reconciliación, retrotraducción; revisión de la retrotraducción; armonización, con la evaluación de equivalencias semánticas, idiomáticas, conceptuales y culturales realizada por un comité de nueve jueces; evaluación de la comprensibilidad del instrumento por 30 especialistas en Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos TIP; revisión de la evaluación de comprensibilidad; revisión final de la traducción; informe final. Resultados: El instrumento adaptado se dividió en 35 sentencias, siendo evaluadas por nueve jueces en cuanto a sus equivalencias. La concordancia entre los jueces en el análisis de equivalencias resultó excelente, con una puntuación media de 96,9% en la segunda vuelta. Hubo necesidad de dos rondas, ya que algunos ítems no mostraron un 80% de acuerdo en la primera etapa. En la etapa de la evaluación de comprensibilidad, se obtuvo el 100% de la comprensión de los especialistas. Conclusión: La traducción y adaptación cultural del instrumento wat-1 al idioma portugués hablado en Brasil fue considerada satisfactoria.(AU)

Experiência de mutualidade na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Mutual experience in the neonatal intensive care unit / Experiencia de mutualidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales

O objetivo deste estudo é aprofundar a compreensão sobre a experiência de mutualidade descrita por Donald Winnicott, especificamente quando essa experiência começa a ser vivida em um contexto de prematuridade e hospitalização. A mutualidade é uma comunicação primitiva que ocorre a partir da identificação da mãe, ou pessoa que cumpra essa função, com o recém-nascido. Essa comunicação envolve um contato mais silencioso - no sentido de a ênfase não estar nas palavras - e a criação de um ritmo pela dupla. O artigo busca uma discussão sobre os possíveis efeitos da prematuridade para o processo de identificação dos pais/cuidadores com seu bebê e para a experiência de mutualidade decorrente dessa identificação. Considera-se o tema relevante, já que no contexto citado a comunicação se desenvolve de forma singular e com especificidades. Para estabelecer a mutualidade, tanto os pais/cuidadores quanto o bebê necessitam de um tempo maior, devido ao contexto de internação e à condição clínica do recém-nascido. Apesar das dificuldades, os cuidadores costumam encontrar um modo singular de se comunicar com seu bebê, criando um ritmo próprio, e podem estabelecer a experiência de mutualidade com o recém-nascido e viver na intersubjetividade.

The goal of this study is to deepen the understanding of the mutuality experience described by Donald Winnicott, specifically when this experience begins to be lived in a context of prematurity and hospitalization. Mutuality is a primitive communication that occurs from the identification of the mother, or person who fulfills this function, with the newborn. This communication involves a quieter contact - in the sense that the emphasis is not on words - and the creation of a rhythm by the pair. The article pursues a discussion of the possible effects of prematurity on the process of identification between parents/caregivers and their baby and on the experience of mutuality resulting from this identification. The theme is considered relevant, since in the context cited communication develops in a unique way and with specificities. To establish mutuality, both parents/caregivers and the baby need more time, due to the context of hospitalization and the newborn's clinical condition. Despite the difficulties, caregivers usually find their particular way of communicating with their baby, creating their own rhythm, and are able to establish the experience of mutuality with the newborn and live in intersubjectivity.

El objetivo del estudio es profundizar la comprensión de la experiencia de mutualidad descrita por Donald Winnicott, especificamente cuando esta experiencia comienza a vivirse en un contexto de prematuridad y hospitalización. La mutualidad es una comunicación primitiva que se da a partir de la identificación de la madre, o persona que cumple esta función, con el recién nacido. Esta comunicación implica un contacto más silencioso - en el sentido de que el énfasis no está en las palabras - y la creación de un ritmo por el dúo. El artículo busca discutir los posibles efectos de la prematuridad en el proceso de identificación de padres/cuidadores con su bebé y en la experiencia de mutualidad resultante de esta identificación. El tema se considera relevante, ya que en el contexto mencionado la comunicación se desarrolla de una manera singular y con especificidades. Para establecer la mutualidad, tanto los padres/cuidadores como el bebé necesitan más tiempo, debido al contexto de hospitalización y la condición clínica del recién nacido. A pesar de las dificultades, los cuidadores suelen encontrar una forma peculiar de comunicarse con su bebé, creando su propio ritmo, y pueden establecer la experiencia de mutualidad con el recién nacido y vivir en intersubjetividad.

Análise do perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos de um hospital público de Aracaju, Sergipe / Antimicrobial sensitivity profile analysis of a public hospital in Aracaju, Sergipe

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os perfis microbiológicos e de sensibilidade dos anos de 2017 e 2018 das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) neonatal, pediátrica e adulto de um hospital público de Aracaju, Sergipe. Métodos: Mediante a coleta secundária dos dados coletados com a Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH). Resultados: Foram observados, neste estudo, alguns mecanismos de resistência, como: Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumonie produtora de b-lactamase de Espectro Estendido (ESBL), Enterobacter spp ESBL, P. aeruginosa ERC e Providencia stuartii ESBL, todas elas isoladas na UTI neonatal. Os antibióticos que demonstraram menores índices de sensibilidade na média geral para os microrganismos isolados foram: gentamicina, ampicilina e amoxicilina+ clavulanato. As drogas que apresentaram maiores índices de sensibilidade foram: colistina, polimixina B, amicacina, ciprofloxacino, imipenem, meropenem, linezolida, cefepima, piperacilina+tazobactam, vancomicina e teicoplanina. Conclusão: Diante disso, é imprescindível a conscientização dos profissionais de saúde juntamente com a comunidade, em relação à adequada prestação de serviços aos pacientes internados e quanto ao uso racional de antimicrobianos e, dessa maneira, contribuir para a redução das taxas de resistência bacteriana.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the microbiological and sensitivity profiles of the years 2017 and 2018 of the neonatal, pediatric and adult Intensive Care Units (ICU) of a public hospital in Aracaju, Sergipe. Methods: Through the secondary collection of data collected with the Hospital Infection Control Commission (CCIH). Results: Some resistance mechanisms were observed in this study, such as: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumonie producer of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), Enterobacter spp ESBL, P. aeruginosa ERC and Providencia stuartii ESBL, all they were isolated in the neonatal ICU. The antibiotics that showed lower levels of sensitivity in the general average for the isolated microorganisms were: gentamicin, ampicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanate. The drugs that showed the highest levels of sensitivity were: colistin, polymyxin B, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, linezolid, cefepime, piperacillin + tazobactam, vancomycin and teicoplanin. Conclusion: Therefore, it is essential to raise the awareness of health professionals together with the community, regarding the adequate provision of services to hospitalized patients and regarding the rational use of antimicrobials and, in this way, contribute to the reduction of bacterial resistance rates.